Director of research at the National Center for Scientific Research, Paris; expert of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE). Former visiting professor at Kyoto University (2005-2006).

major publications

• Mystiques, philosophes et francs-maçons en Islam, Paris, Maisonneuve, 1993.
• Secret et sociétés secrètes en Islam, Paris, L’Arche, 2003.
• La Turquie moderne et l’islam, Paris, Flammarion, 2004.
• La Turquie. De l’Empire Ottoman à la République d’Atatürk, Paris, Gallimard, 2005.
  

RELEvANT publication

• La Turquie. De l’Empire Ottoman à la République d’Atatürk, Paris, Gallimard, 2005
  

Source: La Turquie. De l’Empire Ottoman à la République d’Atatürk, Paris, Gallimard, 2005

"The most dramatic episode of these years is the forced displacement of the Armenian population, from Eastern Anatolia to Mesopotamia, a decision of the triumvirate, to crush the Armenian support to the Russian invasion, and suppress the guerilla operations of the Armenian gangs on the Turkish territory. […] After the capture of Erzurum by the Russians in 1916, the Armenian militias commit massacres against the Muslim populations." Pp. 42-43.