Robert Mantran (1917-1999), was professor of Turkish studies at Aix-Marseille University (1961-1985), and a member of the Institut de France (elected in 1990).

major publications

• Istanbul dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIe siècle. Essai d'histoire institutionnelle, économique et sociale, Paris, Maisonneuve, 1962.
• Istanbul au siècle de Soliman le Magnifique, Paris, Hachette, 1965, 2nd edition, 1990
• L'Expansion musulmane. VIIe-XIe siècles, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1969, 2nd edition, 1991.
• L'Empire ottoman, du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle. Administration, économie, société, London, Variorum, 1984.
  

RELEvANT publications

• Histoire de la Turquie, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1952, new editions 1961, 1968, 1983, 1988, 1993.
• Histoire de l’Empire ottoman, Paris, Fayard, 1989 (edition).
• Histoire d’Istanbul, Paris, Fayard, 1996.
  
  

Source: Histoire de la Turquie, 1993

"On the Eastern front, an expedition leaded by Enver finishes as a serious defeat (December 1914); the Russian offensive which follows is supported by the local Armenian population; during the Winter and the Spring, exactions are committed against the Turkish inhabitants, and an Armenian State is even proclaimed (May 1915); because the threat of extension of the Armenian secession, the Ottoman government orders in May 1915 the evacuation of the Armenian populations from Van, Bitlis, Erzurum to Irak, and from Cilicia and Northern Syria to central Syria. Legal guarantees are given to Armenians about the right to return to their homes, and about their goods, but these guarantees have been not respected by some military; in July 1915, the reconquest of the lost lands by Ottoman Army is accompanied by revenge violence: the evacuation and the regaining control provoked the death of several thousands of Armenians." Pp. 108-109